1 Foundations
Foundations & Notation
Click to Play Expanded
Playing: Foundations & Notation
Playing in Sidebar
Scroll down to take notes
Calculus focuses on two main ideas: differentiation and integration. Differentiation tells us how a function changes at each point. Integration does the opposite—it tells us how those changes add up or accumulate.
Derivative Notation
Finding a derivative is called .
If $y = f(x)$ is a function whose derivative exists, the first derivative can be written in different notations:
Prime Notation
Differential Notation
For a function $f$, the first derivative of $f$ at $x = a$, denoted by $f'(a)$, represents the rate of change of $f$ at that specific value.
Graphically, $f'(a)$ is the of the to the graph of $f$ at the point $(a, f(a))$.
Interactive Tool: Tangent Explorer
Knowledge Check
Test your understanding of concepts.
2 Basic Rules
Building Blocks & Basic Rules
Click to Play Expanded
Playing: Building Blocks & Basic Rules
Playing in Sidebar
Scroll down to take notes
Memorizing these basic derivatives is crucial for everything else in calculus. Fill in the resulting derivative $f'(x)$ for each base function.
| Rule Name | Function $f(x)$ | Derivative $f'(x)$ |
|---|---|---|
| Constant | $c$ | |
| Power | $x^n$ | |
| Identity | $x$ | |
| Exponential | $e^x$ | |
| Natural Log | $\ln(x)$ |
Knowledge Check
Test your memory on the basic rules above.
3 Complex Rules
Complex & Combined Rules
Click to Play Expanded
Playing: Complex & Combined Rules
Playing in Sidebar
Scroll down to take notes
The Product Rule
Example: For $k(x) = 7e^x(x^3-2)$, the derivative is:
$k'(x) = 7e^x(x^3-2) + $
$\cdot (7e^x)$
The Quotient Rule
Example: $h(s) = \frac{-6s^{1/2}}{3s^2+2s}$. Identify the derivatives of top and bottom:
- Numerator deriv. $f'(s) = $
- Denominator deriv. $g'(s) = $
The Chain Rule
"Derivative of the outside, leave the inside alone, times derivative of the inside."
1. $\frac{d}{dx} \ln(10-7x)$
$= \frac{1}{10-7x} \cdot ($ $)$
2. $\frac{d}{dx} e^{0.01x^3}$
$= e^{0.01x^3} \cdot ($ $)$
Knowledge Check
Apply Product, Quotient, or Chain rules.
4 Real-World Applications
Real-World Applications
Click to Play Expanded
Playing: Real-World Applications
Playing in Sidebar
Scroll down to take notes
Calculus isn't just about formulas; it models the real world. A derivative represents the rate of change of any function, whether that's velocity in physics, marginal cost in business, or population growth in biology.
Themed Scenario
Solve a word problem tailored to your selected industry focus.